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remove. significant amounts of water from the basin. for sale in far-flung destinations, so long as they use Small containers. And several high -profile disputes have brought. public attention to the issue, including a.decade-long. litigation over the Nestle Company's withdrawal of groundwater in Stanwood, Michigan for use. as bottled water.ss Nonetheless; it is worth noting the finding of a :IJC report, which estimated the amount of bottled water imported into the basin exceeds the amount leaving by a.factor of 14;56 State management of in --basin uses To implement the compact's provisions, each Great Lakes state was required, within five years; to .create a program for the management and regulation of new.ar increased withdrawals and consumptive. uses of basin water by adopting and implementing Taws, regulations, or other requirements consistent with the compacts "decisiommaking.sta_ndard.." 57 The dedsion-making.standard sets forth mandatory criteria for approval of proposed withdrawals above thresholds set by each of the:states; including the "exception.standard" requirements. listed above, as well as a requirement that a proposed use.be."reasonable:" Rea.sonableness.is determined on the basis of factors such as the supply potential of the source water and the balance between -economic development, social development, and environmental protection.58 Minnesota has complied with the compact's state management program requirements by enacting thie compact itself into state law, as noted previously; and by demonstrating that existi ng. state rules. and .programs—mostiythe Minnesota Department of Natural Resources{DNR) water appropriations permit program —meet the -compact's requirements. The council approved Minnesota's water management program in 2015:59 Enforcement The compact also provides mechanisms to enforce its.provisions,:a significant difference from the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty, .In addition to the management provisions in each Great Lake state's own laws, the compact empowers the council to conduct special investigations and bring court actions to enforce the compact's provisions.60 Moreover, the compact authorizes any aggrieved person or state to bring a civil action in the appropriate. state court to compel any person to: comply with the..compact; provided, however, that no action is allowed (a) if the relevant state has already approved the use or diversion at issue, or (b) before the plaintiff has given 60 days prior notice to the state, council,.arid the person alleged to be in noncompliance.&� .imitations of the compact By any measure, the adoption of the Great .Lakes-5t. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources. Compact and the Great Lakes -St. Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement represents a remarkable political .and env ranmental:achievement, and. the compactand agreement have served the Great Lakes region well. Since their adoption in 2005, thetwo accords have quickly squelched any new dreams of large-scale. diversions of Great Lakes water to other parts of the country: -Any futu re. like Thomas Kieran's :GRAND canal, or the use of Great Lakes water to replenish the Ogallala aquifer, for example, would be prohibited by section.4.8 of the Compact, because. they would.both involve the transfer of Great Lakes water out. of the Great Lakes basin. That said, the compact's prohibitions are not immutable: Section 8.5. of the compact provides that it can be amended following the same.steps by which it was initially approved. In addition; there is some. case: law. suggesting that Congress may be able to. take.trmeasu.res to render a compact. practically ineffective (although the issue has yet. to be considered by the U.S. Supreme Court).6.2 Theoptics of doing so for a popular multistate agreement like the compact suggest that it would be politically unrealistic, .at Ieast currently, for Congress to scuttle the compact. The prospect of getting all the Great Lakes states to agree.to terminate or. significantly amend the compact seems similarly remote. But imagine, if you will, how the calculus might: evolve if, as expected, the freshwater crisis in the