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at 2. Nonetheless, Minnesota's population underwent a substantial shift within the state.' State <br /> Demographic Center, Minn. Planning, Population Change 1990-2000 (chart), available at <br /> httD://www.mmlan.state.mn.us/dempjmrohy/Ce districtin CenOOm chn .html. A s <br /> a result, the parties have stipulated and this panel has held that "[t]he population of the State of <br /> Minnesota is unconstitutionally malapportioned among the state's current congressional <br /> districts. " Zachman v. Kiff meyer, No. CO-01 -160, at 2 (Mxnn. Spec. Redistricting Panel Oct. 29, <br /> 2001) (Scheduling Order No. 2). The established remedy for this particular constitutional defect <br /> is the redrawing of a state's congressional districts to better reflect the state's population. See <br /> Scott v. Germano, 381 U.S. 407,409 (1965) ("The power of the judiciary of a State to require <br /> valid reapportionment or to formulate a valid redistricting plan has not only been recognized by <br /> this Court but appropriate action by the States in such cases has been encouraged."). <br /> Before reconfiguring Minnesota's eight congressional districts, we obtained information <br /> and contributions from a number of sources. Initially, the four parties to this lawsuit each <br /> presented a potential congressional redistricting plan. The plans represent different sets of <br /> interests, including those of Republican citizens ("Z - 110n plan"), Democratic citizens <br /> C'Cotlow plan"), Minnesota's Governor ("Ventura plan"), and Minnesota's Democratic <br /> legislators and members of Congress ("Moe plan"). We also recognized that although every <br /> Minnesotan has a stake in redistricting, not every interest is represented in this lawsuit. We <br /> therefore conducted public hearings around the state and received written input, including a few <br /> Eight congressional districts apportioned among Minnesota's U.S. Census 2000 <br /> population of 4,919,479 people results in seven districts with an ideal population of 614,935 <br /> people and one district with 614,934 people. The current sixth congressional district has a <br /> population of 720,995 people, or 106,060 persons more than the ideal. In contrast, the fifth <br /> congressional district has a population of 557,819 people, or 57,116 persons less than the ideal. <br /> Changes to these two districts alone affect the entire congressional map. <br /> -3- <br />