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20% on noise pollution, 17% on safety, 16% on street maintenance, 11 % on neighborhood ap- pearance while 63% were not concerned with any of these. Roseville streets are in much better shape than they were in 1991. According to Public Works Director Duane Schwartz many Roseville streets have been rebuilt in the past 15 years. Roseville roads typically last 20-30 years. Most residential streets in Roseville are designed for 7-ton maximum axle weight. The more heavy-duty arterial streets are designed for 9-ton maximum aXle weight. As part of the City's Pavement Management Fund, every four years, Roseville's 120 miles of streets are evaluated for their condition. This information is then used to determine a mainte- nance plan. The streets are also given a rating of 1 to 100. Above 65 means the street is in good shape. Between 35 and 65 means the street needs repairs. Below 35 means the street needs to be reconstructed. In 1985, 28 percent of Roseville s�reets were under a 35 rating. Now it is 1 percent. A survey a couple of years back showed that of comparable cities in the Metro area, Roseville had the highest rating for its streets. Streets in Roseville are kept in good shape because of the City's innovative Street Infrastructure Repair Fund. Roseville set aside roughly $14 million available from pre-payment of bonds and other sources. Interest on this money is used for the Street Infrastructure Repair Fund that pays for various repair projects such as pavement patching. This keeps the cost for those projects off residents' property tax bills. Roseville spends $600-700,000 a year on street repair and maintenance. Another $1.4 million comes from state aid. Another $700-800,000 comes from the Street Infrastructure Repair Fund. Schwartz says our Pavement Management Plan and our Street Infrastructure Repair Funds are the envy of many cities throughout the country. He takes calls from other municipalities ]ooking for details on how our programs work. However Schwartz says Roseville streets could last an estimated five to ten years longer if gar- bage truck traffic was limited. Garbage trucks put more wear and tear on streets than any other type of vehicle. According to the report "Effects of Heavy-Vehicle Characteristics on Pavement Response and Performance" from The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute aXle weight most directly deter- mines damage to pavement and typical 3 axle garbage trucks have the highest axle weight of any vehicle traveling city streets approXimately 20,000 ]bs per front axle and a combined 44,000 lbs on the rear pair (see table on following page from the University of Michigan). According to Schwartz there is a formula for calculating the different impacts of different ve- hicles. Pavement design manuals give the following load factor values to vehicle types: —Car load factor = .0007 —Truck 18,000 lb/axle = 1.0 —Garbage truck can be as high as 1.6 The formula used by MnDOT says 1 garbage truck trip is equal to 1,000 car trips in terms of damage to pavement. Residential streets have average daily traffic counts of 200 to 500 vehicles. 42