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Reduce citizen trash rates: A more organized system may help improve econo- mies of scale for collection (collect from each house down the block by one truck), reducing hauler costs and resulting rates for citizens. These goals are of interest to many communities, but concerns and tradeoffs arise about: Mhurninng work forstaff Taking on lots of responsibility can increase staff workload. Political issues and minimizing hauler /citizen complaints: Making any changes (specifically limiting choice of haul- ers or affecting the number of haulers), can cause complaints and political push -back. SERA has conducted detailed research projects comparing the strengths, weakness- es and potential of various hauler armnge- ments, including options that restrict actors (haulers) and those that do not. There are two key parts to the community decision over service arrangements / authority: • The legal arrangement for provision of service (license, contract, district, franchise, etc.) and; • The level of exclusivity of actors provid- ing the service (do you allow all current actors or even new actors to provide service? Or do you limit the number of ultimate players ?) Both these questions are discussed below. Certainly, there are variations by state — and all those interested should confirm elements with municipal attorney or legal office. However, we provide a summary based on our work for clients in multiple states around the country. Arrangements for providing residential service Generally speaking, the greater the involve- ment in the sector, the greater the control the city has in terms of influence over diversion, incentives and funding. However, greater control means higher requirements for staffing as well as greater potential for political fallout from haulers who may face erosion or loss of their hard -won customer base work to protect their investment (and retirements). In the con- tinuum of lowest to highest level of community control, the options (nationwide) include: License /permit: Communities may elect to license haulers, generally requiring basic safety issues, operating hours, leakage, insurance, etc., and assess a fee sufficient to cover the cost of monitoring. Pros: Low cost /staff requirements, some control and safety gains, wide range of options for what license requires — typically safety- related (insurance, driver require- ments, truck conditions), and service - related (trash, recycling, organics), containerization, collection days /hours, tonnage reporting and other items. Cons: Minimal control gained. Ordinance: Communities may pass ordinances that require certain conditions be met for haulers wishing to operate in the town. These may include service provi- sion (recycling offered or required, mini- mum list of materials, collection frequen- cy), rate structures like pay -as- you -throw (PAYT) — with specific percent incentives, not rate levels — containerization and other conditions. Pros: Low cost /low staffing, greater control, enhanced options can achieve some goals, few complaints from haul- ers /citizens (not "taking" business from haulers /minimal change in hauler "actors" because any or all may continue to operate � '' kw Wayre Pulling y for YO u■ Our Futures i Depends or it, w .. i0e Pro= t:'.. "1�LI %,a. It's How You Haul It. 'l otir t`o"it -re Cnnrcr for Ref > ,- & R ydin4 U, lug6 it PO Roy42'Y•Ale.onerr+a,; ;.N,6.Mg ®80�- 248-7761 .vnvaorommorcor.) 8Y '7 I fJ a a v V n v