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y <br />--. <br />Table of Contents <br />� <br />1. Introduction <br />2. Characterization of Declining Inner-City Neighbourhoods <br />2.1. General Geographic Models of Decline <br />22. The United States Experience <br />2.2.1. Chicago: Business and Population Decline on the South Side <br />2.2.2. Washington: Distressed Neighbourhoods Illustrate Differences <br />2.2.3. New Orleans: Business Disinvestment <br />2.2.4. Baltimore: Classic Case Studies in Decline <br />2.2.5. Milwaukee: The Geographic Spread of Decline <br />2.2.6. Houston and Seattle: The Effects of Highway Improvements <br />2.2•7. Kalamazoo: Public Image Problems <br />2.2.8. Allanta: Regional as Oppose to an Inner-City Focus <br />2.2.9. Inner-City Focus on Decline is Too Geographically Confined <br />2.2.10. Suburban Decline <br />2.3. The European Experience <br />2.3. l. The British Experience <br />2.4. The Australian Experience <br />2.5. Are Canadian Cities Different? <br />3. Common Features of Decline <br />3.1. Poverty and Segregation <br />3.2. Vacant and Abandoned Property <br />33. Disinvestment and Economic Decline <br />3.4. Changing Land Uses <br />3.5. Decline of Public Education <br />4. Indicators of Decline <br />4.1. Neighbourhood indicators <br />4.1.1. 5econdary Data <br />4.1.2. Primary Data <br />42. The American Expenence: Measuring Neighbourhood Change <br />4.2.1. Milwaukee: Targeting a First-Time Parents Program <br />42.2. Cleveland: Community-Building Initiative <br />43. The British Experience: The Concept of Deprivation <br />4.4. The Canadian Experience <br />4.4.1. Winnipeg: Defining Neighbourhood Designation Indicators <br />5. Conclusions <br />List of References <br />1 <br />2 <br />2 <br />2 <br />3 <br />4 <br />4 <br />5 <br />7 <br />7 <br />8 <br />8 <br />9 <br />10 <br />11 <br />12 <br />14 <br />16 <br />17 <br />18 <br />19 <br />22 <br />23 <br />25 <br />27 <br />27 <br />28 <br />29 <br />30 <br />30 <br />31 <br />32 <br />36 <br />36 <br />38 <br />40 <br />