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Section II provides a broad of economic analysIs techniques as have to comprehensive planning. Key elements of the fiscal impact analysis concept are then presented in Section III. dimensions of the Howard County and Loudoun County models, and their comprehensive planning, are described in Section IV, Finally, Section V analyzes the perceived weaknesses, and applicability of fiscal impact analysis based on the case study descriptions the opinions of those have implemented the two models, II. Antecedents to Fiscal Impact Modeling Planning, as a common local govemment practice, appeared with the rapid growth and suburbanization that took place in the ,S, after World War II. Over the course of the past fifty years, a variety of analysis techniques have been developed to incorporate economic and market factors into comprehensive planning practice, Each of these techniques has met a specific set of needs for the planning profession, One the earliest economic analysis techniques commonly used in local comprehensive planning was the economic base approach, First conceived in the 1920s, the economic base concept was popularized by Homer Hoyt and Richard B, Adams in the post-WWII period (Murphy 1966), Economic base analysis was introduced to a new generation of planning students in ' 1965), one of the first general planning textbooks and in (lCMA 1968), another planning text also widely used by practicing planners. Planners used the economic base approach to derive employment projections, consider local economic factors, and project land use need by category - the most fundamental requirements for local comprehensive plans, This approach required only readily available secondary data which, when coupled with relatively simple analytical techniques, soon made economic base analysis a common tool in comprehensive planning. The planning-programming-budgeting-system (PPBS) was an analytical approach of defining measurable goals, setting aItel11atives, evaluating each aItel11ative for cost and effectiveness, and choosing the best means for implementation (lCMA 1979), PPBS was introduced at the local level as an outgrowth of its expanding use for complex projects at the federal widespread categorical federal assistance to local govel11ments in the sixties, especially Model Cities, hastened the spread of program budgeting, While PPBS linked planning and budgeting, its complexity prevented it from being sustained once federal pressures for its use declined, Subsequent to the brief life of PPBS, planners were offered a range of modeling techniques designed to aid 111 understanding local and regional economies. Input-output analysis, shift-share analysis, and fiscal impact analysis were described as planning tools in The: Practice: of Local Government Planning (ICMA 1979). The first two techniques found their advocates at the regional level while fiscal impact analysis was found to be most applicable at the local level, where land use and budget responsibilities are closely linked (McLean and Voytek 1992), Cost-benefit analysis techniques also found their way into the planning literature, including matrix display techniques such as the planning balance sheet (Schofield 1987), Matrix display techniques permit the inclusion of non-quantitative data within planning analyses, incorporating a wide variety of qualitative social and environmental factors with more quantitative economic measures. Cost-benefit analysis has also come to playa major role in growth management as file://\\metro-inet.us\Roseville\CommDev\PLANNING AND ZONING\PLANNING FI.., 02/17/2005 - -