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16 <br />relate closely to economic distress and in fact might relate to distress only by chance. An <br />explanation for the failure of an economic development program to achieve its explicit goals <br />should include those forces; the technocratic perspective fails to do so. <br />Did the fact that the design and implementation of the Smal] Cities Economic <br />Develvpment Program did not draw on �rnowledge about how to bring about economic <br />rrowth determine the program's failure to produce econoenic growth? Would a <br />technocratically determined program have been successful? The experience of other <br />Minnesota economic development programs suggests that the answer to both questinns is no. <br />In 1987 several state economic devclopment programs were abolished that had provid�d <br />financing for businesses since 1983. Th� programs that ended in 1987 did better than the <br />Smail Cities Program at assuring that a business could not undertake a proposed project <br />without the state funding. These programs were also more likely to address capital market <br />problems and therefore to bring about state and local economic grourth.�' Furthermore, a <br />program sPt up in 1�82 to stimulate th� Iron Range economy incorporated analysis of <br />projects, but the program was eliminated soon after it was established and replaced with a <br />program that required less project analysis in general and virtually no ana]ysis of big <br />projects.�8 Programs that did incarporate more of the provisions technocrats would <br />recocnmend and that prorriised to be more successful at achieving their explicit goals of <br />�Fn°dmaa+ pla�Pro��B �pical Mark�t Efficiency Through State Programs," p, 147; Jeffrey Jahn <br />Schneider, "Capit�l Market Imperfections and the DEED Economic Development Fund" (A•Plao B paper <br />siubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts in Public Affairs, University <br />of Minnesota, June 1987). <br />�Margaret fi. Dewar, "Developme�t A.�alysis Confronts Politics: Industrial Policy on Mi.nnesota's Iron <br />Ra.nge," Journal of ihe �merican PlanninP Association 52, no. 3(Summer 19$6). <br />