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307 defect in joints when the laterals were put together were probably leaking water. If those 308 soils were sandy, Mr. Pasko opined that most of the surrounding trees were drinking 309 water out of those laterals and had been doing so for some time. 310 311 Mr. Culver referenced the permit information previously supplied to the PWETC for 312 sewer services (September 2015) and advised that those numbers continued to increase. 313 When televising city mains, Mr. Culver reported that they looked the short distance 314 available into laterals, and when seeing an obvious root intrusion, those property owners 315 were sent a standard courtesy letter alerting them to that observation. 316 IAL 317 Mr. Pasko briefly reviewed some of the new inspection tools available in that ever - 318 changing technology and ability for television inspections that can pan and tilt about 1' 319 into the lateral. Also, if no root intrusions are observed, Mr. Pasko advised that a small 320 crawler attached to the main robot can be deployed to move up the lateral into the home 321 carried by a tether. 322 or 323 If there are too many roots present or a sag, Mr. Pasko noted there is also technology for 324 a mobile probe through the home's inside cleanout consisting of a low voltage probe to 325 hit the pipe, then another section grounded to a sign post or fire hydrant to ground it and 326 complete the circuit. Mr. Pasko advised that this allows the operator to measure how 327 much current arrives at that ground from the probe and from the amount of current back 328 estimate or calculate the amount of I & I that can go in. Mr. Pasko noted that this also 329 provided a nice and repeatable measure from one year to the next. However, Mr. Pasko 330 noted that it also depended on the operators on those cameras and their skill levels; again 331 requiring ordinance parameters that clearly define potential problem areas and variables. 332 333 At the request of Member Cihacek, Mr. Pasko confirmed that the contractors performing 334 lining of mains and those lining laterals were two separate specialties with their 335 equipment also radically different at this time. Mr. Pasko noted that lining of mains was 336 becoming more common and specialized, and those contractors didn't want to stop that 337 process to deal with laterals. Mr. Pasko advised that he had yet to see any contractor 338 make lining laterals part of lining main lines. Mr. Pasko noted that it was more common 339 to line the mains one year and return the next year to line laterals. 340 341 In the City of Edina, Mr. Pasko reported that when they do street reconstruction, they will 342 also rehabilitate or line laterals, but that is typically done by a different contractor while 343 still allowing private owners to take advantage of a better rate for that contractor to do 344 multiple linings once mobilized. In other words, as suggested by Member Cihacek, if the 345 City of Roseville bid street reconstruction, and chose to bid laterals while the street was 346 torn up, it made sense to do so, but otherwise there was no benefit to bidding them 347 together. Mr. Pasko reiterated that he didn't see those technologies merging anytime 348 soon; since those operating the joysticks differ. Mr. Pasko advised that the skill sets of 349 most of those operators were amazing; with some of the best he'd observed having 350 previously been drone pilots, and transferring those skills to this technique. 351 Page 8 of 20