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Attachment B
<br />51 In making these findings, the City Council accepts the conclusions and recommendations
<br />52 of: the U.S. Surgeon General reports, E-cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults
<br />53 (2016), The Health Consequences of Smoking Ï 50 Years of Progress (2014) and
<br />54 Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults (2012); the Centers for Disease
<br />55 Control and Prevention in their studies, Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School
<br />56 Students Ï United States, 2011Î 2015(2016), and Selected Cigarette Smoking Initiation
<br />57 and Quitting Behaviors Among High School Students, United States, 1997(1998); and of
<br />58 the following scholars in these scientific journals: Chen, J., & Millar, W. J. (1998). Age of
<br />59 smoking initiation: implications for quitting. Health Reports, 9(4), 39-46; DÓAvanzo, B., La
<br />60 Vecchia, C., & Negri, E. (1994). Age at starting smoking and number of cigarettes smoked.
<br />61 Annals of Epidemiology, 4(6), 455Î459; Everett, S. A., Warren, C. W., Sharp, D., Kann, L.,
<br />62 Husten, C. G., & Crossett, L. S. (1999). Initiation of cigarette smoking and subsequent
<br />63 smoking behavior among U.S. high school students. Preventive Medicine, 29(5), 327Î333;
<br />64 Giovino, G. A. (2002). Epidemiology of tobacco use in the United States. Oncogene,
<br />65 21(48), 7326Î7340; Khuder, S. A., Dayal, H. H., & Mutgi, A. B. (1999). Age at smoking
<br />66 onset and its effect on smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviors, 24(5), 673Î677; Luke, D.
<br />67 A., Hammond, R. A., Combs, T., Sorg, A., Kasman, M., Mack-Crane, A., Henriksen, L.
<br />68 (2017). Tobacco Town: Computational Modeling of Policy Options to Reduce Tobacco
<br />69 Retailer Density. American Journal of Public Health, 107(5), 740Î746; Minnesota
<br />70 Department of Health. (2020). Data Highlights from the 2019 Minnesota Youth Tobacco
<br />71 Survey. Saint Paul, MN; Tobacco Control Legal Consortium. (2006). The Verdict Is In:
<br />72 Findings from United States v. Philip Morris, The Hazards of Smoking. University of
<br />73 California San Francisco. Truth Tobacco Industry Documents,
<br />74 https://www.industrydocumentslibrary.ucsf.edu/tobacco; Xu, X., Bishop, E. E., Kennedy, S.
<br />75 M., Simpson, S. A., & Pechacek, T. F. (2015) Annual healthcare spending attributable to
<br />76 cigarette smoking: an update. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 48(3), 326Î333,
<br />77 copies of which are adopted by reference. In making these findings, the City Council
<br />78 accepts the conclusions and recommendations of the U.S. Surgeon General reports, ÐThe
<br />79 Health Consequences of Smoking Î 50 Years of ProgressÑ(2014) and ÐPreventing Tobacco
<br />80 Use Among Youth and Young AdultsÑ (2012); the Centers for Disease Control in their
<br />81 studies, ÐCurrent Cigarette Smoking Among Adults, United States (2011),Ñ and ÐE-
<br />82 Cigarette Use Triples Among Middle and High School Students in Just One Year (2015)Ñ,
<br />83 and of the following medical professionals in these medical journals: Xin Xu et al., Annual
<br />84 Healthcare Spending Attributable to Cigarette Smoking: An Update, Am. J. Prev. Med
<br />85 48(3) (2015), Angelica M. Morales et al., Cigarette Exposure, Dependence, and Craving
<br />86 Are Related to insula Thickness in Young Adult Smokers, 39 Neuropsychopharmacology
<br />87 1816 (2014), Brian A. King et al., Attitudes Toward Raising the Minimum Age of Sale for
<br />88 Tobacco Among U.S. Adults, 40 (4) Am. J. Preventative Med. (2015), Jonathan P.
<br />89 Winickoff et al., Retail Impact of Raising Tobacco Sales Age to Twenty-One, 104 Am. J.
<br />90 Pub. Health 18, 18 (2014), Inst. of Med., Public Health Implications of Raising the
<br />91 Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products (2015), William DeJong & Jason
<br />92 Blanchette, Case Closed: Research Evidence on the Positive Public Health Impact of the
<br />93 Age 21 Minimum Legal Drinking Age in the United States, J. Stud Alcohol Drugs 108
<br />94 (Supp. 17 2014), copies of which are adopted by reference. (Ord. 1555, 6-18-2018)
<br />95
<br />96 306.02 DEFINITIONS:
<br />97 As used in this Chapter, the following words and terms shall have the meanings ascribed to
<br />98 them in this Section:
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