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As noted, RCI�A claims depend upon an immrnent and substantiial endangermeni ta health or the environment. This entai�s a showing of a threat, and may be shown even ifthe i�npact �vill not be felt until later. The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals has said that RCItA is limited to situations in which the potential for harm is great, but this is a fact-specific analysis tha� leaves room for interpretation. If remedies have already been performed, RCRA injunctions are generally not avaiIable and prior costs cannot be recovered. Conversely, in at least one Seventh Circuit case, a claim far an injunction under RCRA failed where the risks of off-site contamination would not materialize unless or until excavation was performed and there was no showing that the excavation was imminent. Remec�ies under RCRA can be any form of injunctive relief necessary to prevent ongoing releases. RCI�A remedies may not support clean-up of the offending site itself. RCRA can reach arry type of hazardous waste and there is no petroleum exclusion under � � A Before a citizen (or any other person, such as the Cit�} may bri�g a RCRA action, notice rnust be given to the EPA, the state and the alfeged violator. RCRA actions will not be allowed to proceed ii there is already a response action underway at the instigation of ihe federal or state authorities. RCRA allaws the recovery of attarr�eys' fees or other costs to the prevailing party. CERCLA Under the Comprehensive Enviror�mental Response, Compensation and �,iability Act ("CERCLA"), 42 U.S:G §§ 9601 to 9675, the City can pursue a cost recovery cIaim against owners, operators or transporters who are respansible for sites or facilities from which there �s a release, or a threatenec� release, which causes the incurrence of response costs far a hazardous substance. The cost recovery statute is set forth at 42 U.S.C. § 9607. The plaintiff can recover any "necessary costs of response .., consist�ent with tih� �ational contingency pIan." Id. CEI�CLA claims are available for ``hazardaus substances," which are defined s�mewhat differently than RCRA's "hazardous wastes." In some respects, CERC�,A's reach is broader tlzan RCRA's but in other respects CE1�CL,A is more limited. A significant diiference is that CERCLA does not reach�petroleum spills. In contrast ta RCRA, which is primarily a preventative statute, CERCT�A is designec� to ac�dress situations in which harm has already occurred in addition to preventing threats. The rerrredy in CERCLA is, in the first instance, cost recovery. This means that parties seek to recover sums thai have already been expended on the recovery. �-Iowe�er, courts have also coupled co5t recovery awards with additional relief such declaratory relief and injunctions addressing ongoing or future obIigations: CERCLA does not allow recovery oiattorneys' fees for the prosecution of cost recovery claims (although fees can f�e recovered if incurred as part of the response action itsel�. Private cost r�covery (including claims by parties such as the City} depend upon a showing that the sums expended were necessary and co�sisteni with the National Conting�ncy Plan ("NCP"). �