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Effects <br />Volumes <br />Speed <br />Traffic Noise and Air <br />Traffic Safety <br />Little or no effect <br />May reduce speed at intersection <br />Little or no effect <br />May decreases vehicle conflicts at intersection <br />Advantages <br />Reduces speed at intersection approach <br />Reduces vehicle conflicts at intersection <br />Provides equal access to intersection for all drivers <br />Does not restrict access to residents <br />Can be landscaped <br />Disadvantages <br />Some parking restrictions required <br />Local experience has found these devices to be ineffective <br />Can restrict access for trucks, buses and may increase emergency vehicle <br />response time <br />Winter Maintenance <br />Problems Targeted <br />Excessive speeds <br />Crash history at intersection <br />Design <br />A minimum of 30 feet of curbside parking must be prohibited at each comer of <br />the intersection <br />Vertical Elements <br />Traffic Circle <br />Purpose <br />A traffic circle is a raised geometric control <br />island, frequently circular, in the center of <br />an intersection of local streets. Typically, <br />traffic circles would be about 20 feet in <br />diameter. Traffic traveling through the <br />intersection must avoid the island affecting <br />the path and speed of the traffic. <br />APRIL 2005 <br />Source: Institute of Transportation Engineers Trafflc Calming: State of <br />Practice <br />32 <br />