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GREATjM <br />RIVERlRIPW <br />GREENING <br />Siberian Elm (Ulmus pumila) <br />Description <br />Siberian Elm is a small or medium-sized tree with spreading branches. Bark is gray -brown with shallow <br />furrows. Twigs and buds are nearly hairless. Leaves are elliptical, prominently veined and single -toothed. <br />Leaves are softly pubescent when young and arranged alternately. Leaves are rarely more than 2 inches <br />long, distinguishing it from native elms, for which the leaves are typically more than 3 inches long. <br />Siberian elm is tolerant of dry, nutrient poor soil. The winged seeds are wind -dispersed in spring, soon <br />after flowering. Seedlings grow rapidly and may form thickets in disturbed areas <br />Mechanical <br />Trees may be girdled and allowed to die over time. Girdle in late -spring to mid -summer while the sap is <br />flowing and the bark peels away from the sapwood. Use caution that the girdling cut is not made too <br />deep as this will cause the tree to resprout from the base. If the tree resprouts, the sprouts can be cut <br />and stump treated. Seedlings can be hand -pulled and saplings can be removed with a weed wrench or <br />shovel. A regime of periodic prescribed fire will control seedlings in fire dependent plant communities. <br />Chemical <br />Trees may be cut stump treated in fall and winter. Cut stems may be treated with glyphosate or <br />triclopyr. Basal bark treatment with triclopyr will also be effective. <br />Long-term Management <br />Monitoring for establishment of new individuals and populations will be necessary. Treat seedlings and <br />saplings before they are large enough to develop seed. <br />Siberian Elm <br />April <br />May <br />June <br />July <br />Aug Sept Oct Nov <br />Dec - <br />Mar <br />Burn <br />Girdle <br />Foliar Herbicide <br />Basal Bark Herbicide <br />Cut Stem Herbicide <br />Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) <br />Description <br />Russian olive is a deciduous nitrogen fixing small tree/large shrub, growing up to 25' tall. Its crown is <br />generally rounded, but often unruly in appearance. Twigs have a terminal spine. Leaves are alternate, <br />lance -shaped and silvery -white in color. Fragrant yellow flowers bloom in late spring and produce a <br />hard, olive -like fruit. The trees are tap -rooted. Russian olive was introduced to North America for use in <br />shelterbelt plantings and highway rights -of -way. It is hardy, tolerant of a range of soil conditions and <br />capable of sprouting from adventitious buds on the crown and root suckers. Russian olive may have <br />been planted on the site where it occurs along the sound barrier wall in Management Unit B. <br />Mechanical <br />Seedlings can be hand -pulled and saplings can be removed with a weed wrench or shovel. To be <br />effective, all roots must be removed. Repeated mowing of small plants initiated in summer when stored <br />