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Appendix A ■ Individual household recovery rates may increase (more recyclable materials set out and less trash) affecting the relative composition of the recycling stream; ■ More "non- targeted materials" may be set out by residents for recycling; ■ The collection crews may not inspect the recycling bins at truck -side for non- targeted materials (if lidded carts are loaded with semi - automatic or automatic lifting devices on board the curbside recycling vehicles); ■ Once delivered to a MRF, the relative percent and absolute tons of "processing residuals" output for disposal may increase; ■ Once sorted and processed at the MRF, the individual recyclable commodities (e.g., bales of newspaper, aluminum cans, etc.) may have more or less "contaminants" depending on MRF design, management and operations; and/or ■ There may be more or less glass breakage throughout the collection and processing stages such that the relative output of color - sorted glass vs. color - mixed, broken glass changes. Beyond "processing residuals ", other potential environmental and health impacts of collection system changes include: ■ Overall or "net' recovery of recyclable material (i.e., more or less tons actually recycled); ■ Efficiency of collections (e.g., change in curbside truck payloads, routing, etc.); ■ Worker health and safety (e.g., manual vs. automated lifting; centralized processing requiring manual sorting, etc.); and ■ Composition of recyclables, commodities products, and processing residuals. Because independent, actual field measurements were not conducted as a part of the Roseville pilot project, this analysis does not empirically quantify the "process residuals" but rather discusses the available data as reported in other studies. Also, the policy implications are outlined and recommendations for further research itemized. Standard Dermitions - Currently the recycling industry lacks standardized definitions. This is one of the key barriers to professional dialogue about designing studies to measure impacts of changes to single- stream recycling programs. The following set of terms is proposed to the City and Ramsey County as a basis for such discussion (see Attachment A -1 for a more thorough set of proposed definitions and examples.) "Non - Targeted Materials" - Materials that are defined by the municipality as not acceptable but are routinely included by residents in their curbside bins. "Processing Residuals" - Materials that are disposed as mixed solid waste as an unwanted by- product after processing of recyclables at MRFs. A-G B1605