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<br />ins-
<br />an�t t�,c ��M;�41� heti t��r,e l.:nit ���;
<br />1ir�c• t)fT� ..`:, I,�tit •�.c��k re�[�Rt'ii tha:
<br />tt�r F:eg°5�� n� u;�i� �i:i�cti up J���ad t�°�;
<br />tha: Jtt�t I3ftli Sura�l;��� ,�ftcrnoo:�, June
<br />fi�!� ��� �il� h�C�r� c,n 1ir►e ►ntern��ttentll
<br />at lr,�w� {��eli sin,e that tirr�e. II �s nc>�.�
<br />�aing thr:Yc��h .� sh�ake�io+�n peri��i t�r
<br />two to thrcc u�•�h� u��th tcst oF.e�tati�n
<br />continuing at I�Fw �uer !e�•els.
<br />!4lcano��hilt rhe 5(Ka-kv transmis�io�
<br />sf°atcm whiCh would bring Keystv��
<br />�'�'et to t,hr pt�ilaclelphia area i5 re-
<br />PQ'�+�� trady !or ure, though cortstrur-
<br />ti�n c�f th� line wfiich w�ould bring
<br />la��eystnne poaver ditrctly into thc Puh-
<br />fir �crvioe sy�tem ha� h�een drlay°e�i
<br />ttntil tatly thi�e �arnih hy wrangtts c�°ith
<br />c��cnratiurta�te.
<br />�t
<br />��i��; �itt�� �ro�r�s� s�en
<br />Ba�kers and oth�rs discuss
<br />giant nar�h�south �rid
<br />at me�tir�g in A#tanta, Ga.
<br />l'ankee-D:xic. Inc. hased o❑ the con-
<br />crpt of :, erid ��f giant gencrating
<br />�^`�:nc+ a�u hsck-hanc trsn5mistion
<br />I��,r. �t�etchins; From �f�ine to Florida
<br />�; �tt� t..p-otT, ro utilitics along the �+•ay.
<br />�tR1,�n; s p�pir organization. Now-
<br />C�tf, tht iuet� SI�t�S 3ii�'C. aljt'OCat�t
<br />s�etch in ;� f�µ more de[ail�, and aut-
<br />�ide'� tk:as�analf�• ot��r su�gcstions.
<br />L.�te.t rea�ing on She Yankee-C�ixic
<br />+:�e� csm� <�t the third annuaf inemher-
<br />••'�.p mee;ink of th� or�.inization hel�l
<br />c.:tlte: thi�+ month in .�tl.int:�. Thime
<br />t�T thi; get-to�ether appeared to he
<br />thst thc r.orth-,outh grici is a n�cz,-
<br />�ic� and that municipal and caop
<br />.',stem� mu,� h��e ;�cc�ti eo the gri�l.
<br />Initial scti�itt. sccarding tc� hackert
<br />��f the id<<�, u ill h� direrted toN arcl
<br />�lr�ei��pment of statc-��idc �r regional
<br />1��temti that l:�ter can he tied to-
<br />gtith�" The o�erall grid woulcl be
<br />prnm.�te:i on th� h,,�i, that ali trans-
<br />mi;,icn !me� «ill he decl:►red "com-
<br />mc+n carrier� "
<br />Fr:,ncis H K:ni. �icc prr�ident of
<br />lr'-I� .�nd m:in,�ger of the G:�� � Elec-
<br />.ric [���artm�nt of Hul}'oke, iT;�ss.,
<br />tul� ;,�tiemhled memher� that Y-D Fs
<br />tc> f�e � non-profit c�irj�oralion. non-
<br />frd�r:�l in structure, hut uot�l�i seek
<br />ftcicral csncuon ,�nd c�nain tederal
<br />{xn+�rs—particularl�• the ri�ht oI emi-
<br />n�ni dc,main.
<br />King, who hati heen �me of Y-D's
<br />mn�t acti�e ad�ocates and ha� as-
<br />tiititeJ in studies relative to financing,
<br />as�erted that eo federal mor.ey «�ou�d
<br />he imol��ed in constructing Y-D fa-
<br />cilitiea—r.ot even REA loan fund,.
<br />It i+ King's helief that . regionul
<br />�orpc�ration af the t}•pe gn��i�ioned h}-
<br />Y-D uauld he a majar step toward
<br />rnac3ern power supply foc th� E�st.
<br />Hut Krng holds tnai a vast grid of this
<br />k�nd could not aflord to pay 6�"o inter-
<br />e5t on investment. I-fe sugg�sts, in-
<br />stead, deht financing wieh interest in
<br />t he 4 t i c'� range. He does not ta11:
<br />much atraut a tax•frce status for the
<br />�roposed construcieon. but he does
<br />inciicate that there are Snancial inter-
<br />c�sts who are wi1ling to put up the
<br />r���>n�y on a ci�ht-financsng basis.
<br />According to �{ing� the organiza-
<br />tinn wpuld provide a fair mcasure of
<br />in-lieu tax paymencs to �o�lities which
<br />otherwi�se would be deprived of iax
<br />revenue. tt would provide for land
<br />restoration and conservation whcre
<br />fuel sources are located and mea,-
<br />ures would he taken to eontrol air
<br />and water pollution.
<br />Kin� sees tt�e Y-D concept as cor,-
<br />ducive to more effective .�orking re-
<br />lation�hips hetween in�estor-owne�+
<br />and puhlicly� ow•ned syst2ms.
<br />General aporoach to power sys'em
<br />coorclination ���as covered in a p� per
<br />i,y F. Srcwart Brown, chief of po�ter
<br />for the Federal Power Commission.
<br />Brow�n's paper, read to the meeting
<br />h� George F. Tomlinson, FPC ;�s-
<br />�i�tant Chief of Power, asserted th :t
<br />etiecti�e coordination of bulk po.tizr
<br />�uppl�� cannot be achieved by inter-
<br />ccmnection al��ne. Rather. Brown s:�id
<br />rnutual re��ieµ° of load projections and
<br />construction proposals in an area, or
<br />region, is essentiaL If this is done,
<br />Bro�� n held, coordination and inter-
<br />cunnection can then produce signi6-
<br />cant henefits in addition to increased
<br />reliahilit�'. It is Brown's confentinn
<br />that the de��elopment of adequate r�et-
<br />�ti orks, rcg;ona� and inter-regional es-
<br />changes of capacity and energy, shar-
<br />ine of spinning and standby reserves,
<br />and emergency supply to meet con-
<br />tingencies, can substantiaily enhance
<br />the economics of bulk power supply.
<br />FPC's suggestions for study of cc�-
<br />ordinated planning by regions pro-
<br />poce that all power systems within a
<br />region, co the extent techno�ogically
<br />anc/ economically feasible, have avail-
<br />cihle to them the opgortunity to
<br />achietic increased power supply re-
<br />liahilit}� and optim��m economy b}'
<br />juint planning and operation.
<br />Gordon Ebersoie, speaking for the
<br />Congre,s for Appatachia�n Develop-
<br />ment. said that his organization
<br />ncither endorses nor opposes Ehe Y-D
<br />concept. But he asserted that Y-D
<br />must not hecome the exploiter of the
<br />A�pi;�chian area.
<br />Several speakers for municipally
<br />o�ned power systems said that the
<br />municipa! s}�stems wilt support Yan-
<br />kee-Dixie because it will "take us tp
<br />lower pow�er costs."
<br />Yankee-Dixie officers reelected
<br />were H. L. Spurlock, East Kentucky
<br />Rural Electric Co-op Corp, presideiat;
<br />hinB. vice pre�ident; John H. Huater,
<br />commissioner of public property of
<br />Springfield, Iq., secretary. E. V. Lewis,
<br />��'alton i�lectric Membership CorF,
<br />hionroe, Ga., is the newly elected
<br />treasurer. Hunter had previflusiy
<br />scrved as secretary-trea�urer.
<br />Electhcal World, Juna 26. 196�
<br />■
<br />El�ctr�c..�trta s are
<br />�Id il�t lii �r!$ali'i
<br />,�..
<br />. . . _ . - �� ^�:...,5w. ,��l:�+Y�R
<br />��`*� �
<br />- . . w.k.,�.,��"�.,�;�*Y.�;c��:�,.
<br />Electric trucks tiks this one deliver milk and dairy products to some
<br />8�0,000 Londoners each da�. Gas�9ine powered trucks are too c�xpens�ve
<br />Large fleets of electrics�
<br />as at London Express Dairy,
<br />are cheaper for short hauls
<br />Recently, Los Angeles Dept of Water
<br />& Power acquired a small eleciric
<br />truck, called a Volts-wagon. The ac-
<br />quisition received quite a bit of public-
<br />ity, and the compan}� is proud, per-
<br />haQs, justifiably so, of rekindling
<br />interest in the electric truck in this
<br />country.
<br />To the British, such news is about
<br />as exciting as another changing of
<br />the guard at Bucl�ingham Palace. In
<br />Et�gland today thera are some 50,000
<br />electric trucks now in operation, and
<br />the nurnber is expected to double in
<br />the next decade.
<br />One of the largest fleets of elcctric
<br />trucks in Great Britain is that of the
<br />London Express Dairy, which num-
<br />bers about 3,000. Most of these trucks
<br />scoot about London each day carry-
<br />ing milk and other dairy products to
<br />some 800,000 customers, and do it
<br />cheaper than any other vehicles could.
<br />G. E. Pearson, the com�sany's direc-
<br />tor of rataii transport� is reck4ned
<br />one of Britain's top experts in the use
<br />af electric trucks, if not the number-
<br />one auihoritg+ in the country. Fiis
<br />campany's inieresi ia electrics dates
<br />back to 1932.
<br />Accarding to Pearson, electric
<br />Elsetrieal World, Juna 26, 19is?
<br />trucks are undoubtedly the cheapest
<br />form of short-haul transport for
<br />dairy operators.
<br />While such a statement would be
<br />received with skepticism in ihe US,
<br />it hardly ru�ies anyone's feathers in
<br />Britain. For one thing, there are so
<br />many electric trucks, the}� are almost
<br />commonplace. And, of course, the
<br />whole structure af vehicle operating
<br />costs is differe�t from the US.
<br />A stiff t�x on gasoline raises the
<br />p.ice of an imperial gallon of regular
<br />"petrol" to an awesome 72¢ (an im-
<br />perial gallon is ai�out a qu�rt more
<br />than a US gallon, so in Britain, a US
<br />gallon �vould cost about 58¢). VVith
<br />gasoline �osting so m�ch, it is hareil}�
<br />surprising that the British have made
<br />so many strides in the development at
<br />electric vehicles.
<br />Fidding to the desirability of electric
<br />trucks ia Britain is the cheaper, off-
<br />peak rate offered �y the area boazds
<br />of the Central £lectricity Generating
<br />Board. Off-peak cc�sts abo�t 1.I¢ US
<br />per kwhr,,, or abo�t half as much as
<br />an-peak eleciricity in Britain.
<br />With these :ircumstances, c,omga-
<br />�ies li1.e Landon F:xpress D�iry h.3ve
<br />been able to realite substantial sav-
<br />ings wiEh ele�ctric rather than internal-
<br />coc�bustion vehicI��. 'tiie eeonomic
<br />case for et�ectr' it -ks '
<br />� � � � � � ��s
<br />�;
<br />i
<br />�tweigh their greater first cost. "The "�
<br />cheapest vehicle is not always the mast ,.�;
<br />economical," says Pearson.
<br />London Express trucks operate ''�
<br />&om depots w3�ere they can serve be- � ';
<br />tween eight and seventy milk delivery . ��
<br />rounds, depending oa the size of the !'
<br />depot. Loading, unloAding, rnAinte- �
<br />nance, aad charging of the trucks is �
<br />carried out at the depots. Charging is �
<br />carried out between 8 pm and 7 am. �
<br />The electrics which the dairy uses �
<br />are no mini-trucks, and tote pay loads �
<br />up to 4,500 pounds, negotiatin� grAdes !
<br />of up to 14%. One suburban route in ;
<br />South Loadon really puts the electric �
<br />through its paces. The electric travels ;
<br />eighteen miles, making 210 stops. j
<br />AUout a mile and a quarter of the ;
<br />route is 8% grade, about a mile and ;
<br />a half, 6% grade. One hill aUout thc �
<br />length of a football field is 9% grade. �I
<br />And three miles of the route is un-
<br />paved roads with rough, pot-ho�ed
<br />surfaces.
<br />The savings which the company
<br />realizes by using electrics are drama-
<br />tized by comparing the cost of opera-
<br />tion of a recently retir�d diesel und
<br />an electric �f the same carrying capac-
<br />ity. The diesel, with a payload of 3,-
<br />360 pounds, cost 13.7¢ per mile to
<br />cperate on a weekly mileage of 322.
<br />The electric which replaced th� diesel
<br />costs 7.6¢ per mile. '
<br />Since the dairy purchased its first ; i
<br />electric truck in 1932, it has been
<br />making changes and improvements in
<br />both the design and maintenance of ;�
<br />the vehicles. Sometimes manufactur- ; ?
<br />ers cooperate; sometimes not. i�lE thc )�
<br />latest modelg, for example, use thy- '
<br />ristors to control baitery output dur- �!
<br />ing start-up. And, over the past five j;
<br />years, Pearson has been working tvith ;;
<br />manufacturers on battery chargers ; }.
<br />aimed at eliminating voltage-timer ,� ;
<br />relays. {
<br />But Pe�rson has experimented on ��
<br />his own, too, and has found other .� �
<br />ways to eut costs. The iarger trucks �+
<br />a�e now equipped with radial ply '
<br />tires bEcause Pe�rson found that they ?i 4
<br />have a lower resis.ance to motion. ,;
<br />As hattery irucks are more affected � f
<br />by rolling resistance than other ve- '� �
<br />hicDes, the radial ply tires cut baitery y
<br />consumption and bo�st speerl. ''
<br />Anoth�r Pearson-iaspired innova-
<br />tian i�volves switching a battery to
<br />Iighter or heavier work wi�en it be- !
<br />gins to show signs of wear.
<br />P�arson is also eacperimenting with �'
<br />electronic hraking systems, in whicb ,�
<br />ti�e motor becames a genPrawr cluring
<br />bra�ing. Before a rheasta�ic system °,��,,
<br />was installed in a vehicle �perating
<br />in a hi11q area, its brakes had to be ;�
<br />tc u.t k� a nutshell relined ever}r �hzee weeks. 'T�e same �;
<br />according to P�azs4�, is;. trbat their truck with a rheosta�tic syst�esn has ,,
<br />Iawer op�rating anc� m�int�aance c.osts operated almost a yeaz, and reli�ing i�
<br />an3 th�ir gseafer rcliab�ity ffiore t}�ag is stiA unnecessary.
<br />�
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