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2 <br />Recent studies of pet relinquishment have revealed that people often give up their pets <br />because of behavior problems; rental-housing restrictions; changes in lifestyle attributed to <br />moving or the birth of a child; human health problems such as allergies and diseases that <br />weaken the immune system; and commitment problems that derive from unrealistic <br />expectations on the part of the pet owner. <br />Today, the demographics of local animal populations vary considerably among different <br />regions of the countryBand sometimes even among neighboring jurisdictions. The specific <br />animal shelter demographics of a community depend on variables such as income and <br />education levels, regional cultural beliefs, and whether the community has invested in the LES <br />formula in previous decades. The challenge for communities is analyzing those demographics <br />and tailoring solutions to meet their specific needs. <br />Public policy to promote spaying and neutering .(differential licensing)- <br />Mandatory registration helps promote spaying and neutering when higher fees are <br />charged to register unsterilized animals. Called differential licensing (or registration), this policy <br />provides an important incentive for pet owners to have their animals sterilized. At the same time, <br />it penalizes those pet owners who allow their pets to add to the surplus of companion animals. <br />According to HSUS estimates, over 80 percent of counties and cities in the United <br />States have differential registration fees in place. Twelve states require that local governments <br />impose at least a minimal differential in their registration fee structures. <br />The experience of hundreds of counties and cities has substantiated the logic behind <br />differential licensing. Actual fees vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but most have altered- <br />animal registration fees in the $4 to $7 range and unaltered-animal registration fees in the $10- <br />$15 range. Recent years, however, have seen a trend toward increasing the differentials. <br />King County, Washington, for example, has one of the nation's highest differentials: <br />Registering a sterilized animal costs $10, and registering an unsterilized animal costs $55. <br />Instituted in 1992, this differential, coupled with a strong animal control ordinance and an <br />aggressive registration-promotion program, has ted to a dramatic increase in pet registrations": <br />