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decision making.107 Neo-liberalism engages in the "valorization of the self-actualized subject."108 This goal is typically achieved by two dominant modes of neoliberal practice: "government at a distance" wherein there is top-down reform of state apparatuses based on a market model.109 This reform generally takes the form of deregulation and privatization. i io The second takes a bottom-down approach which centers on building the "social capital" of the individual. l l l The government at a distance model tries to improve government by partnering with private actors and bringing market behavioral and discursive practices into the government. An example of this is the way in which public school boards have had to be "competitive" and have called superintendents "CEOs." i i� The social capital model operates at the level of the individual and civil society and encourages individuals, and the communities to which they belong, to be responsible, autonomous and ultimately self-governing.113 Through such programs 'o' Alizon Draper & Judith Green, Food Safety and Consumerism: Constructions of Choice and Risk, in Welfare of Food: Rights and Responsibilities in a Changing World 54, 66 (Elizabeth Dowler & Catherine Jones Finer eds., 2003). ios Sean Patrick Eudaily, The Present Politics of the Past: Indigenous Legal Activism and Resistance to (Neo)Liberal Governmentality 52 (2004), citing Mitchell Dean, Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society 155 (1999). 109 Eudaily, supra note 108, at 52. "o Id citing Bradford at 204. "' Id citing Dean at 152. "� A number of large urban school districts have renamed their school superintendents CEOs (Chief Executive Officers), apparently in an effort to bring some of the virtues of private industry into what are often dysfunctional public school systems. See e.g. Virginia P. Collier et al., The Superintendent as CEO: Standards-Based Performance 1-3 (2005). 13 Eudaily, supra note 108, at 53. 31